Artificial Intelligence in Architecture and Built Environment Development 2024: A Critical Review and Outlook by Michal Šourek

Architectural practices and the planning and management of built environment development lag in adopting artificial intelligence (machine learning techniques, more correctly), and the sparse tools and approaches implemented provide only marginal contributions. A contrast reveals not only comparing to other industries and creative disciplines but to the opportunities at hand. The paper evaluates the situation both in the context of the AI field and in the sector of architecture and the built environment, points to the causes of the sector´s current setup in terms of the starting points of creativity, the technologies used, and approaches to their development, as well as in terms of the economic, social, and political framework, subsequently introduces the opportunities to overcome the falling behind, and outlines the paths. Across the paper, the critical review applies three fundamental perspectives: authentic, poetic creativity that passes and precedes parameterization and algorithmization, second, novel, in architectural designing not yet applied learning strategies and training approaches, and third, concurrence of the fundamental three- and more-dimensional spatiality of both architecture and recently developed virtual reality technology, as well as the new theory of human thinking and intelligence that waits for implementation in machine learning (together with other novel computing approaches). Given the coincidence of the three aspects, a singularity is predicted for the next development of architectural craft and field.

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